CRIME-BUSTING CCTV cameras are set to provide clearer pictures of crooks in action across Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale.
More than £220,000 has been invested by the three borough councils in Pennine policing to support the move to digital CCTV.
Spy devices cover all of the main town and village centres from Burnley to Nelson, Colne, Barnoldswick, Earby, Rawtenstall, Bacup and Haslingden.
Police chiefs say the upgrade from analogue to digital cameras will prove a useful crimefighting tool.
Chief Insp John Bullas said: “The new digital systems will provide higher quality images to help us identify criminals and make the people of Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale safer.
“CCTV cameras are an extremely valuable tool for the police.
"Not only do they act as a deterrent to criminals, but they can help to detect crime and direct the police to the scene.
"They are also very useful in gathering evidence against offenders after a crime has been committed.”
The control room for the cameras is in Burnley, with the exception of two small systems, in West Craven and at Nelson and Colne College, which are set to move to the Parker Lane station.
The new system will provide ‘real-time’ images of ongoing incidents for operators.
Peter Stobbs, Burnley council engineering manager, said: “In real terms it means we get better quality pictures and more of them, and we will also be able to take advantage of the new camera technologies in development.
"The new system has already paid dividends. We’ve seen incidents where crucial details, which would have been missed on the old system, have been captured.”
Wednesday, January 5, 2011
Friday, November 27, 2009
lobal Concentrated Photovoltaic Market Worth US$266.0
According to the new market research report, ‘Concentrated Photovoltaic and Solar Photovoltaic Global Markets (2009 – 2014)’, published by MarketsandMarkets (www.marketsandmarkets.com), the total concentrated photovoltaic cell market is expected to be worth US$266.0 million by 2014, growing at a CAGR of 33.0% from 2009 to 2014. Europe is expected to command the maximum market share at 59.3%, followed by the Americas, which are expected to hold 32% of the global concentrated photovoltaic market.
Browse 41 market data tables and in-depth TOC on Concentrated PV and Solar PV market.
Early buyers will receive 10% customization of reports
http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/concentrated-pv-and-solar-advanced-technologies-and-global-market-research-33.html
The Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) market includes the submarkets for Low Concentration Photovoltaic (LCPV), Medium Concentration Photovoltaic (MCPV), and High Concentration Photovoltaic (HCPV). The CPV market is still in a nascent stage but is developing rapidly due to the finite nature of non-renewable sources of energy, and the increasing demand for higher output and green energy. The CPV market is estimated to reach $266.0 million in 2014 from about $63.9 million in 2009.
Among all segments, HCPV commands the largest share of global CPV market, and is also expected to have the highest CAGR of 39.1% from 2009 to 2014. The conversion of HCPV systems lowers land requirement, and facilitates higher energy output at lower costs. HCPV technology is thus expected to achieve cost parity with conventional sources of electricity at a faster rate than other CPV technologies.
The initial high growth opportunity for the CPV market lies in regions with high direct normal irradiance (DNI) or direct solar radiation and high cost of grid electricity. These regions include southwest America, southwest Europe, western and central Australia, the Middle East, and northern Africa. While technology developments in the CPV systems market are currently concentrated in Spain, Germany, and the U.S.; government support for CPV technologies in countries such as India, China, Japan, and Australia are expected to drive future market growth.
The global solar PV market is expected to grow with a CAGR of 12.5% during 2009 – 2014 to reach $38.1 billion in 2014. Crystalline silicon PV holds the largest market share of 82%; while the thin film silicon market is expected to have highest growth rate of 28.2% from 2009 to 2014.
Browse 41 market data tables and in-depth TOC on Concentrated PV and Solar PV market.
Early buyers will receive 10% customization of reports
http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/concentrated-pv-and-solar-advanced-technologies-and-global-market-research-33.html
The Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) market includes the submarkets for Low Concentration Photovoltaic (LCPV), Medium Concentration Photovoltaic (MCPV), and High Concentration Photovoltaic (HCPV). The CPV market is still in a nascent stage but is developing rapidly due to the finite nature of non-renewable sources of energy, and the increasing demand for higher output and green energy. The CPV market is estimated to reach $266.0 million in 2014 from about $63.9 million in 2009.
Among all segments, HCPV commands the largest share of global CPV market, and is also expected to have the highest CAGR of 39.1% from 2009 to 2014. The conversion of HCPV systems lowers land requirement, and facilitates higher energy output at lower costs. HCPV technology is thus expected to achieve cost parity with conventional sources of electricity at a faster rate than other CPV technologies.
The initial high growth opportunity for the CPV market lies in regions with high direct normal irradiance (DNI) or direct solar radiation and high cost of grid electricity. These regions include southwest America, southwest Europe, western and central Australia, the Middle East, and northern Africa. While technology developments in the CPV systems market are currently concentrated in Spain, Germany, and the U.S.; government support for CPV technologies in countries such as India, China, Japan, and Australia are expected to drive future market growth.
The global solar PV market is expected to grow with a CAGR of 12.5% during 2009 – 2014 to reach $38.1 billion in 2014. Crystalline silicon PV holds the largest market share of 82%; while the thin film silicon market is expected to have highest growth rate of 28.2% from 2009 to 2014.
Advancements In Solar Space Heating And Solar Hot Water Heating
The sun is an immense source of energy, providing thousands of times more energy than the world consumes, every hour of every day, in the form of light and heat. Solar energy has long been one of the most cited forms of alternative energy, though these systems have suffered from high costs and low efficiency. That said, new advents in the realms of solar air heating and solar hot water heating have rekindled interest on the part of many homeowners in this type of energy.
Home solar space heating is a unique option for heating your home during cold months. If you are interested in this type of system, you will have to choose between passive solar heating systems and active solar heating systems. For instance, a passive system could be built as a frame on the outside of your home. The entire affair would be covered with glass and black screening. Vents cut into the bottom portion of the room’s exterior wall allow cold air to enter the heater, and vents at the top allow warm air to circulate back into the room. This type of setup requires no fans or motors.
An example of an active solar space heating solution would be a solar radiant floor, which can be easily installed over laminate or vinyl (or over existing subfloors, as well). Solar water heating is accomplished in a similar way, using the light and heat generated by the sun to warm water, which is then distributed as you need. While these systems are generally not capable of heating water to the same degree as a traditional water heater, their function is simply to warm the water, thus reducing the amount of energy required to heat the water even higher.
As interest in solar space heating and solar hot water heating has increased, numerous companies have realized the potential of the market and have begun designing residential systems around the principle. This has resulted in the greater availability of prefabricated systems (in the past, most of these systems were manufactured by the homeowner, with a bit of ingenuity).
However, before rushing out and purchasing any solar heating system, it’s highly advised that you do a bit of research into the company’s offering. What do other customers have to say about its efficiency, or about its cost versus ability? This information will help ensure that you make the right choice.
Home solar space heating is a unique option for heating your home during cold months. If you are interested in this type of system, you will have to choose between passive solar heating systems and active solar heating systems. For instance, a passive system could be built as a frame on the outside of your home. The entire affair would be covered with glass and black screening. Vents cut into the bottom portion of the room’s exterior wall allow cold air to enter the heater, and vents at the top allow warm air to circulate back into the room. This type of setup requires no fans or motors.
An example of an active solar space heating solution would be a solar radiant floor, which can be easily installed over laminate or vinyl (or over existing subfloors, as well). Solar water heating is accomplished in a similar way, using the light and heat generated by the sun to warm water, which is then distributed as you need. While these systems are generally not capable of heating water to the same degree as a traditional water heater, their function is simply to warm the water, thus reducing the amount of energy required to heat the water even higher.
As interest in solar space heating and solar hot water heating has increased, numerous companies have realized the potential of the market and have begun designing residential systems around the principle. This has resulted in the greater availability of prefabricated systems (in the past, most of these systems were manufactured by the homeowner, with a bit of ingenuity).
However, before rushing out and purchasing any solar heating system, it’s highly advised that you do a bit of research into the company’s offering. What do other customers have to say about its efficiency, or about its cost versus ability? This information will help ensure that you make the right choice.
Leading Solar Cell Manufacturer Expands Production
A leading European crystalline solar cell manufacturer places for the first time a large order for multiple SOLARIS systems. The SOLARIS, which offers various advantages with its revolutionary coating technology was introduced to the market just a few weeks ago. The customer will use the SOLARIS from Oerlikon Systems to significantly increase their production capacity in North America. The system is set for delivery during the coming year.
“Our original strategy of offering a compact, cost-effective platform with single wafer handling is proving to be a very popular solution with Photovoltaic (PV) manufacturer,” says Andreas Dill, Head of Oerlikon Systems.
So far the core competence of Oerlikon Systems was mainly on Semiconductor and Coating Technologies. After the realignment, the focus is now diversifying into the promising nanotechnology applications. With this significant order for SOLARIS the Business Unit has made an important inroad into the PV crystalline cell manufacturing industry. Oerlikon has with this success established itself as pivotal in the PV industry as a technology and equipment manufacturer: with Oerlikon Solar for the Thin-Film technology and with Oerlikon Systems for the crystalline technology. “Both processes complement one another with their respective fields of application. For the Oerlikon Group the advantage and benefit is to be represented in both growth markets with its leading technology,” says Thomas Babacan, Chief Operating Officer at Oerlikon.
Low ‘cost of ownership’
SOLARIS was designed for front and backside coating of crystalline silicon solar cells using clean PVD sputtering technology. Its multi-layer capability allows passivation and SiN coating on the front side as well as coating of the backside with various materials. Its very small footprint (3.3 x 2.2 m) and easy integration into existing production lines give SOLARIS a remarkably low ‘cost of ownership’.
“For this client, the SOLARIS production solution provides a big step toward cost-effective production of solar cells. Ultimately, it will help PV technology – and the industry – achieve grid parity,” explains Andreas Dill, Head of Oerlikon Systems.
“Our original strategy of offering a compact, cost-effective platform with single wafer handling is proving to be a very popular solution with Photovoltaic (PV) manufacturer,” says Andreas Dill, Head of Oerlikon Systems.
So far the core competence of Oerlikon Systems was mainly on Semiconductor and Coating Technologies. After the realignment, the focus is now diversifying into the promising nanotechnology applications. With this significant order for SOLARIS the Business Unit has made an important inroad into the PV crystalline cell manufacturing industry. Oerlikon has with this success established itself as pivotal in the PV industry as a technology and equipment manufacturer: with Oerlikon Solar for the Thin-Film technology and with Oerlikon Systems for the crystalline technology. “Both processes complement one another with their respective fields of application. For the Oerlikon Group the advantage and benefit is to be represented in both growth markets with its leading technology,” says Thomas Babacan, Chief Operating Officer at Oerlikon.
Low ‘cost of ownership’
SOLARIS was designed for front and backside coating of crystalline silicon solar cells using clean PVD sputtering technology. Its multi-layer capability allows passivation and SiN coating on the front side as well as coating of the backside with various materials. Its very small footprint (3.3 x 2.2 m) and easy integration into existing production lines give SOLARIS a remarkably low ‘cost of ownership’.
“For this client, the SOLARIS production solution provides a big step toward cost-effective production of solar cells. Ultimately, it will help PV technology – and the industry – achieve grid parity,” explains Andreas Dill, Head of Oerlikon Systems.
The Different Types Of Solar Panels For Domestic Use Simplified
We have available to us different varieties of solar panels today and this text can attempt to simplify what is currently accessible for domestic use.
There are now two completely different sorts of solar panels for domestic and industrial use, one is to heat water and the other type is to provide electricity.
Solar Panels for water are used more in the United Kingdom as they seem to supply the most value benefits to the user. Due to the climate in the United Kingdom and the lack of continuous daylight, solar panels generally work best between the months of April to the beginning of October when the sun is at its highest within the sky.
The typical home will need around five sq meters of solar panel to produce enough heat for their day after day hot water use.
Increasing the time zone by one month both sides to include April and October you may need to have installed up to twenty meters of solar panels which can produce an excessive amount of hot water in the warmer months and then this can and should be discharged as this amount of hot water would be impractical to store. Thus the sizing for solar panels is very important not to under or oversize.
There are two varieties of hot water solar panels, one is a blackened box with pipes running through it like a maze, the water is pumped through this box, the sun’s energy streaming in heats the box and also the pumped water warms up by the time it flows through the exit.
The different sort of hot water solar panel is made from a system called evacuated tubes, these are tubes made from borescope glass (pirex) and they’re made just similar to a thermos flask, twin walled with the air removed therefore the sun’s radiation passes through it a lot more efficiently.
Inside the glass tube a sealed copper rod is fitted, this rod has a small quantity of pure distiled water within and then the air is sucked out to form a vacuum, then the rod is sealed.
The solution within the rod boils at a good deal lower temperature than normal fluids, as a result of the lower air pressure within the rod, when the water boils it travels to the tip of rod then condenses, returns, and then the cycle continues (providing there’s still daylight).
These types of solar panels work extremely well on partly cloudy days because of the rods still cycle whilst the clouds pass over. The top of the tubes insert into a header pipe where water passes all the way through, therefore the hot tips of the rods heat the water passing through.
A normal house could need to have 20 to 30 evacuated tubes installed. The two main advantages of this sort of system is that if a tube breaks it can get replaced independently and on days with broken cloud the panels are more efficient.
Both these types of solar panels work best in conjunction with solar hot water cylinders, most properties have some form of hot water storage. These are generally heated indirectly by utilising a separate gas boiler. The water heated by the solar boiler passes through a copper coil within the cylinder and indirectly radiates the hot water from the pipe to the water in the cylinder.
There are now two completely different sorts of solar panels for domestic and industrial use, one is to heat water and the other type is to provide electricity.
Solar Panels for water are used more in the United Kingdom as they seem to supply the most value benefits to the user. Due to the climate in the United Kingdom and the lack of continuous daylight, solar panels generally work best between the months of April to the beginning of October when the sun is at its highest within the sky.
The typical home will need around five sq meters of solar panel to produce enough heat for their day after day hot water use.
Increasing the time zone by one month both sides to include April and October you may need to have installed up to twenty meters of solar panels which can produce an excessive amount of hot water in the warmer months and then this can and should be discharged as this amount of hot water would be impractical to store. Thus the sizing for solar panels is very important not to under or oversize.
There are two varieties of hot water solar panels, one is a blackened box with pipes running through it like a maze, the water is pumped through this box, the sun’s energy streaming in heats the box and also the pumped water warms up by the time it flows through the exit.
The different sort of hot water solar panel is made from a system called evacuated tubes, these are tubes made from borescope glass (pirex) and they’re made just similar to a thermos flask, twin walled with the air removed therefore the sun’s radiation passes through it a lot more efficiently.
Inside the glass tube a sealed copper rod is fitted, this rod has a small quantity of pure distiled water within and then the air is sucked out to form a vacuum, then the rod is sealed.
The solution within the rod boils at a good deal lower temperature than normal fluids, as a result of the lower air pressure within the rod, when the water boils it travels to the tip of rod then condenses, returns, and then the cycle continues (providing there’s still daylight).
These types of solar panels work extremely well on partly cloudy days because of the rods still cycle whilst the clouds pass over. The top of the tubes insert into a header pipe where water passes all the way through, therefore the hot tips of the rods heat the water passing through.
A normal house could need to have 20 to 30 evacuated tubes installed. The two main advantages of this sort of system is that if a tube breaks it can get replaced independently and on days with broken cloud the panels are more efficient.
Both these types of solar panels work best in conjunction with solar hot water cylinders, most properties have some form of hot water storage. These are generally heated indirectly by utilising a separate gas boiler. The water heated by the solar boiler passes through a copper coil within the cylinder and indirectly radiates the hot water from the pipe to the water in the cylinder.
Determining Solar Energy Requirements For A Specific Location
The amount of solar energy created is a matter of discerning the number of photons of sunlight hit your solar cell and the number of those photons can move an electron to generate a current. The number of photons is equated to the quantity of photons or sunshine that lands on the solar cell and must be calculated to determine the number of solar photovoltaic cells you will require for you solar power unit.
How Is Solar Energy Calculated?
Solar energy is a mix of the number of hours of direct sunlight as well as the strength you could count on beaming at your location. This mix is referred to as insolation and is the average irradiated density calculated in kilowatt hours in a given square meter per day. As an example, the solar radiated density level of 1000 watts per square meter is an expected quantity for high noon in the heart of summertime when the sun is at its pinnacle of energy irradiation. Measuring solar irradiance on kilowatts per square meter daily basis if the sun remained brilliant and at its peak for an eight hour period, the solar radiant density would be 8.0.
Solar irradiance or density levels will fluctuate widely over the course of a year, particularly in more northern locations. For example, New York City is 6.0 in the month of June but merely 1.7 in the month of December calculating out as an annual average of 4.0. Therefore, you know that solar energy levels are seventy percent less in the initial winter month of December than it will be when June rolls around. When evaluated against Phoenix with a solar irradiant level of 7.8 in June and only 3.0 in December which averages out to 5.5 annually.
If your solar power unit is an off grid model it will be necessary to attain a capacity over 2.3 to 3 time than average June numbers would indicate. If all of these equations and solar lingo is confounding you, the internet has the standards for all locations available for you. This is courtesy of NASAs weather satellites, which have been collecting this data for a good number of years.
Using Irradiance Calculations To Design Your Solar Power Unit
Once we understand how many kilowatts are necessary to satisfy the electrical needs of your residence, we can evaluate which sized system we will need. With a grid tied system, it is fine to use your average annual irradiance for calculating and you want to have a goal of paying zero dollars to your utility provider for the entire year. If you want an off grid unit, you must use the irradiance calculation for December as the yearly power requirement must be adequate.
How Is Solar Energy Calculated?
Solar energy is a mix of the number of hours of direct sunlight as well as the strength you could count on beaming at your location. This mix is referred to as insolation and is the average irradiated density calculated in kilowatt hours in a given square meter per day. As an example, the solar radiated density level of 1000 watts per square meter is an expected quantity for high noon in the heart of summertime when the sun is at its pinnacle of energy irradiation. Measuring solar irradiance on kilowatts per square meter daily basis if the sun remained brilliant and at its peak for an eight hour period, the solar radiant density would be 8.0.
Solar irradiance or density levels will fluctuate widely over the course of a year, particularly in more northern locations. For example, New York City is 6.0 in the month of June but merely 1.7 in the month of December calculating out as an annual average of 4.0. Therefore, you know that solar energy levels are seventy percent less in the initial winter month of December than it will be when June rolls around. When evaluated against Phoenix with a solar irradiant level of 7.8 in June and only 3.0 in December which averages out to 5.5 annually.
If your solar power unit is an off grid model it will be necessary to attain a capacity over 2.3 to 3 time than average June numbers would indicate. If all of these equations and solar lingo is confounding you, the internet has the standards for all locations available for you. This is courtesy of NASAs weather satellites, which have been collecting this data for a good number of years.
Using Irradiance Calculations To Design Your Solar Power Unit
Once we understand how many kilowatts are necessary to satisfy the electrical needs of your residence, we can evaluate which sized system we will need. With a grid tied system, it is fine to use your average annual irradiance for calculating and you want to have a goal of paying zero dollars to your utility provider for the entire year. If you want an off grid unit, you must use the irradiance calculation for December as the yearly power requirement must be adequate.
Tuesday, November 10, 2009
Wrapping Solar Cells around an Optical Fiber
Dye-sensitized solar cells are flexible and cheap to make, but they tend to be inefficient at converting light into electricity. One way to boost the performance of any solar cell is to increase the surface area available to incoming light. So a group of researchers at Georgia Tech has made dye-sensitized solar cells with a much higher effective surface area by wrapping the cells around optical fibers. These fiber solar cells are six times more efficient than a zinc oxide solar cell with the same surface area, and if they can be built using cheap polymer fibers, they shouldn't be significantly more expensive to make.
The advantage of a fiber-optic solar-cell system over a planar one is that light bounces around inside an optical fiber as it travels along its length, providing more opportunities to interact with the solar cell on its inner surface and producing more current. "For a given real estate, the total area of the cell is higher, and increased surface area means improved light harvesting and more energy," says Max Shtein, an assistant professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Michigan who was not involved with the research.
Fiber-optic solar cells could also be used in ways that aren't possible currently. Zhong Lin Wang, professor of materials science and engineering at Georgia Tech, says fiber solar cells would take up less roof area than planar cells because long lengths of the fibers could be nestled into the walls of a house like electrical wiring.
Dye-sensitized solar cells use dye molecules to absorb light and generate electrons. The Georgia Tech group first removes the cladding from optical fibers and then grows zinc-oxide nanowires along their surface, like bristles on a pipe cleaner. Next, the fibers are treated with dye molecules, which the zinc-oxide structures absorb. The advantage of coating nanowires, rather than a smooth surface, with the dye is that the wires collectively have a very large surface area. The more dye molecules there are over a given area of such a cell, the more light it can absorb, says Wang. The dye-coated fibers are then surrounded by an electrolyte and a metal film that carries electrons off the device.
The advantage of a fiber-optic solar-cell system over a planar one is that light bounces around inside an optical fiber as it travels along its length, providing more opportunities to interact with the solar cell on its inner surface and producing more current. "For a given real estate, the total area of the cell is higher, and increased surface area means improved light harvesting and more energy," says Max Shtein, an assistant professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Michigan who was not involved with the research.
Fiber-optic solar cells could also be used in ways that aren't possible currently. Zhong Lin Wang, professor of materials science and engineering at Georgia Tech, says fiber solar cells would take up less roof area than planar cells because long lengths of the fibers could be nestled into the walls of a house like electrical wiring.
Dye-sensitized solar cells use dye molecules to absorb light and generate electrons. The Georgia Tech group first removes the cladding from optical fibers and then grows zinc-oxide nanowires along their surface, like bristles on a pipe cleaner. Next, the fibers are treated with dye molecules, which the zinc-oxide structures absorb. The advantage of coating nanowires, rather than a smooth surface, with the dye is that the wires collectively have a very large surface area. The more dye molecules there are over a given area of such a cell, the more light it can absorb, says Wang. The dye-coated fibers are then surrounded by an electrolyte and a metal film that carries electrons off the device.
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